Journal of the stylistic of Persian poem and prose
volume Number 17، number In Volume 9، December 2024 ، issue Number 103

The philosophy of war and anti-war in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh from a different perspective

Seyed Jalal Homaei , Maryam Youzbashi (Author in Charge), Zohreh Sarmad

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In Ferdowsi"s famous and unique work, the fields of research and research from various aspects; Especially war is available. But contrary to the idea of ​​the present age, which does not consider peace to be a necessity of this age, in the Shahnameh, both war and anti-war, i.e. pacifism and pacifism, have been praised. War in the world of yesterday and today is not a negative phenomenon; It has even been praised as a leading element in political, moral, scientific, philosophical, etc. views. To the extent that the philosophy of war and peace has long attracted the attention of many such as Plato, Ibn Khaldun, Heraclitus, Kant, Hobbes, Nietzsche, Heidegger and others.

According to Ferdowsi, war does not arise from human nature, nor is it a cause of warrior"s depravity. However, Ferdowsi is not only a praiser of war; Rather, the category of "anti-war" apart from the exceptional and inevitable factors of reconciliation in wars, such as famine, natural disasters, dreaming, etc., consciously and wisely emphasizes the non-war or anti-war. In Shahnameh, both war and anti-war have a strong presence. Wherever there is war, there is pacifism and anti-war. With all those unique descriptions of wars, sometimes war is said to be the cause of human shame, and Ferdowsi puts his inner desire and desire in the mind and language of the characters of Shahnameh to point out that he is anti-war.

METHODOLOGY: The study method in this research is analytical-descriptive based on library resources combined with individual analysis.

FINDINGS: There is no war in the Shahnameh because of lust or sedition. The philosophy of the most famous wars and anti-wars in the Shahnameh is generally based on the philosophy of patriotism, anti-badism, revenge, asceticism and religion. Examining the wars based on these five divisions opens a new door for the reader in relation to the Shahnameh.

CONCLUSION: The results of the research show that war in the Shahnameh has philosophies that express human values ​​and thoughts and praise Iranians. These wars, together with a glimpse of anti-war, show the most logical and humane wars in the history of ancient Iran. In this article, the author has been able to show the philosophy of wars well and documented by presenting many verses.

Keyword
Ferdowsi , philosophy , war , anti-war , Shahnameh

• Adab Pahlavani, Muezzin Jami, Mehdi (2000) Tehran, Ghatre
• From the color of the flower to the pain of the thorn, Cerami, Gadhamali, (1994), Tehran, Ghatre
• Avesta (report and research, Dostkhah, Jalil, (1995) Tehran, Morvarid
• Religious principles of ancient Iran in Shahnameh, Ghazanfari, Kulthum, Tehran University (1995)
• Bandheshan, Bahar, Mehrdad, (2021) Tehran, Tos
• Research in Iranian Mythology, Bahar, Mehrdad, (1999) Tehran, Age Publishing
• History of Ibn Khaldun, Ibn Khaldun, (1999), translated by Abdul Hamid Aiti, Tehran, Humanities Research Institute
• The history of pre-Islamic literature, Tafzali, Ahmad, (1997) with the efforts of Jale Amouzgar, Tehran, Sokhan
• History of Ancient Iranian Mythology, Amoozgar, Jhaleh (2008), Tehran, Samt Publications
• Totem in the Shahnameh, Seif, Mohammad Ali, (1991), Tehran, NasherMoa’lef.
• Mohor, Plato, (2023), translated by Fouad Rouhani, Tehran, Negah
• War and Peace, Mulla Ahmad, Mirza, (2004), Tehran, Roozer
• War and anti-war, Toffler, Alvin, (2007), translated by Shahindokh Khwarazmi, Tehran, Alam Publications
• Epic writing in Iran, Safa, Zabihullah, (2000), Tehran, Amir Kabir
• National epic of Iran, Neldake, Theodor, (1948), translated by Bozor Alavi, Tehran, Sepehr and University of Tehran
• Dinkert, Azar Farnbagh, (2016), translated by Fereydoun Fazetli, Tehran, Bersem Publications
• Zadasperm, Rashid Mozal, Mohammad Taghi, (1987), Tehran, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research
• Shahnameh printed in Moscow, Ferdowsi, (2018), Bagherian Mohed, Seyed Reza, Tehran, Afarine
• Shahnameh, Ferdowsi, (1990), translated and corrected by Jul Mol, Tehran, Sahami Company
• Shahnameh, Ferdowsi, (2007) Jalal Khaleghi Mutlaq, Tehran, Ferdosi Center
• Understanding the Mythology of Iran, John, Hillens, (1989), translated by Jale Amoozgar, Tafzali, Tehran, Cheshme.
• Farsnameh, Ibn Balkhi, (1995), edited by Mansour Rostgarfasai, Farsology Foundation
• Ferdowsi (his life, thought and poetry) Riahi, Mohammad Amin, (1996), Tehran, Sokhan
• Ferdowsi and Shahnameh bibliography, Afshar, Iraj, (2011), Tehran, Written Heritage Institute
• Kianian, Sen, Christian, (2014), translated by Zabihullah Safa, Tehran, Scientific and Cultural Publications
• Excerpts from Zadasperm, Rashid Mozal, Mohammad Taghi, (1987), Tehran, Institute of Cultural Studies and Research
• Masnavi, Molavi, (2016), proofread by Mohammad Ali Mohd, Tehran, Hormes
• Minvi Khord, Tafzali, Ahmad, (2000), Jale Amouzgar, Tehran, Tos
• Nameh Bastan, Kezazi, Jalaluddin, (2006), first volume, Tehran, Samt.
• Another look at Shahnameh, Aban, Ali, (manuscript),... Yadgar Zariran, teacher, Jhaleh, (2013), Tehran, Manuscripts.
• Journals:
• The legend of Kikhusro in Shahnameh, Ismailpour, Abul Qasim, (2010), Bukhara, Vol. 79, pp. 73-57
• War and its Japanese translation, Rajabzadeh, Hashem, (1999), Tehran, Iranology, No. 2
• Yadgar Zariran or Shahnameh Ghstasab, Bahar, Mohammad Taghi, (1935) education (3)